{"id":4820,"date":"2025-07-22T08:21:56","date_gmt":"2025-07-22T08:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onefm.info\/?p=4820"},"modified":"2025-07-22T09:43:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T09:43:16","slug":"%d8%ba%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onefm.info\/?p=4820","title":{"rendered":"\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a 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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a 1907\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u00a02. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 1949 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (33) \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (49) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 1949 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>3. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (1998)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (8\/2). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c 1998).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"rtl\"><strong>4. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 1954<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d<span class=\"s1\">. <\/span>\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<span class=\"s1\">. (<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<span class=\"s1\">: <\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c<span class=\"s1\"> 1954).<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 (2012 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"593\">\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u064f\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"627\"><strong>\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"629\" data-end=\"1091\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1093\" data-end=\"1418\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 <strong data-start=\"1141\" data-end=\"1156\">\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1453\"><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1455\" data-end=\"1996\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a <strong data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1713\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (SNHR)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d.<br data-start=\"1916\" data-end=\"1919\" \/><em data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1996\">(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: SNHR\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645&#8221;\u060c 2013)<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2063\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"2003\" data-end=\"2063\"><strong>\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2018 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646): \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2065\" data-end=\"2305\">\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 <strong data-start=\"2098\" data-end=\"2115\">&#8220;\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646&#8221;<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 <strong data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2143\">\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2685\">\n<li data-start=\"2307\" data-end=\"2421\">\n<p data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2421\"><strong data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2322\">\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 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data-end=\"2685\"><strong data-start=\"2552\" data-end=\"2603\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2687\" data-end=\"3000\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 <strong data-start=\"2701\" data-end=\"2727\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<br data-start=\"2920\" data-end=\"2923\" \/><em data-start=\"2923\" data-end=\"3000\">(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: HRW\u060c &#8220;Syria: Looting, Lawlessness Follow Kurdish Enclave Seizure&#8221;)<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3007\" data-end=\"3072\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"3007\" data-end=\"3072\"><strong>\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 (2019 \u2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3074\" data-end=\"3309\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 <strong data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3124\">&#8220;\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221;<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong data-start=\"3203\" data-end=\"3216\">\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0648<strong data-start=\"3218\" data-end=\"3229\">\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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data-start=\"3441\" data-end=\"3523\">\n<p data-start=\"3443\" data-end=\"3523\"><strong data-start=\"3443\" data-end=\"3465\">\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3524\" data-end=\"3671\">\n<p data-start=\"3526\" data-end=\"3671\"><strong data-start=\"3526\" data-end=\"3548\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"4122\"><strong data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3696\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<br data-start=\"4011\" data-end=\"4014\" \/><em data-start=\"4014\" data-end=\"4122\">(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Amnesty International\u060c &#8220;Syria: Damning evidence of war crimes and human rights violations&#8221;, 2019)<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"117\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a&#8221; (2014\u20132017)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"119\" data-end=\"554\">\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634) \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"1025\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1699\">\n<li data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1226\">\n<p data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1226\"><strong data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1067\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1399\">\n<p data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1399\"><strong data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1256\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1699\">\n<p data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1699\"><strong data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1566\">\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1738\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1740\" data-end=\"2105\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <strong data-start=\"1831\" data-end=\"1874\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 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data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"379\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"479\" data-end=\"546\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"1030\">\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2018\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a <strong data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"600\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"802\">\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 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\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 <strong data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1103\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1312\"><strong>&#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0643\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1429\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1431\" data-end=\"1727\">\n<li data-start=\"1431\" data-end=\"1519\">\n<p data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1519\"><strong data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1446\">\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648<\/strong> \u0648<strong data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1457\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1598\">\n<p data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1598\"><strong data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1531\">\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1729\" data-end=\"2019\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <strong data-start=\"1756\" data-end=\"1773\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 <strong data-start=\"1864\" data-end=\"1882\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e <strong data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"1955\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2021\" data-end=\"2284\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong data-start=\"2043\" data-end=\"2080\">\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<br data-start=\"2200\" data-end=\"2203\" \/><em data-start=\"2203\" data-end=\"2284\">(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Amnesty International\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 10 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c 2018)<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"142\" data-end=\"189\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 (2025)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p2\"><b>1. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645&#8221; (\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f 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